Bad Breath: Common Causes and Everyday Habits That Help

Almost everyone has bad breath at some point, such as after eating garlic or onion or first thing in the morning. When it keeps coming back, though, it is worth finding out why. In many people the cause lies in the mouth itself, and simple habits can make a difference.

Common causes

• Plaque and food debris: Bacteria that build up on teeth, between them and on the tongue release smelly compounds.
• Gum disease: Infected or inflamed gums are a frequent cause of persistent odour.
• Tooth decay or an abscess: Cavities and infections can cause a bad taste and smell.
• Dry mouth: Saliva helps wash the mouth. Less saliva, from mouth breathing, some medicines or too little water, allows odour to build up.
• Tobacco: Smoking and chewing tobacco leave their own smell and also harm the gums.
• Food and drink: Strong-smelling foods and alcohol can affect breath for hours.
• Other health reasons: Sinus or throat infections, acid reflux and some other conditions can contribute, so persistent bad breath with other symptoms should be checked by a doctor.

Everyday habits that help

1. Brush twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste.
2. Clean between your teeth once a day with floss or interdental brushes.
3. Brush or scrape your tongue gently, since it can hold a lot of bacteria.
4. Drink water through the day, especially if your mouth feels dry.
5. Clean dentures or retainers as instructed.
6. Avoid tobacco in all forms.
7. Replace your toothbrush every three months.

Mouthwash can freshen the breath for a short time, but it does not remove the cause. If you want to use one, ask your dentist which type suits you.

The NHS has useful information on bad breath, including when to get help.

When to see a dentist or doctor

Make an appointment if:

• the odour continues despite good cleaning
• your gums bleed, look swollen or have receded
• you have a bad taste, a toothache or swelling
• your mouth is often dry
• you also have a long-lasting sore throat, nasal symptoms or heartburn

A dentist can check for gum disease, cavities and other mouth problems, and clean areas that home care cannot reach. If the mouth looks healthy, they may suggest seeing a doctor.

Regular check-ups

Even with good habits, a routine check-up helps find early problems. Many people benefit from a check-up and clean every six to twelve months, though your dentist will advise what suits you.

Local information

Readers looking for a dental clinic on Porwal Road, Lohegaon, Pune can read about the services at Nextcare Dental Clinic, where Dr. Mahesh Mali (BDS) sees patients from Monday to Saturday.

This article is for general health education and does not replace a dental or medical consultation.